“Non-Euro-American/Traditional” Sources

for Old Testament Studies

 

A Select more inclusive bibliography—draft version (October 9, 2001)

 

Third world voices tend not to distinguish sharply between biblical and theological readings and practical application (praxis), let alone classically separate Old and New Testaments, although many scholars have Euro-American theological educations.  The occasional North America voice speaking for Third World perspectives has also been included below as a bibliographic resource.  The list cites major players and sources and recurrent points of entry into this diverse area—recent and present.  There are also published scholars from non-Euro-American backgrounds, or of minority status (female and male), whose works on standard OT topics are equally accessible and inclusively listed in such bibliographies as the Book Lists of the Society for Old Testament Study [REF Z7772 & Z7771 .A1 S65] and A. E. Zannoni, The Old Testament: a bibliography [REF Z 7772 A1 Z36 1992].  Other useful locales for further bibliographic retrieval is Old Testament Abstracts, [General, and Literary Forms/Techniques & Methods of Study sections] and Elenchus of Biblica, especially the sections under Old Testament: Interpretatio humanistica and Femina, familia, for similar alternate voices specifically on the Hebrew scriptures.  The Library covets more citations for this on-going bibliographic quest and requests additional findings to be send along to ref-desk@CTSnet.edu.

 

 

GENERAL SOURCES  asterisk (*) &/or call numbers indicate holdings at JBCLibrary.

 

Escobar, Samuel E.  The kingdom and the third church, Wilmore, KY: Asbury

Theological Seminary, 1990 (sound cassette)

 

Hartin, P. J. Third World challenges in the teaching of biblical studies Claremont, CA:

Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, 1992 

 

*Kwok, Pui-lan Discovering the Bible in the non-biblical world Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis

Books, 1995.  BS521.4 .K96 1995

 

*Post Colonialism and Scriptural Reading, Laura E. Donaldson and R. S. Sugirtharajah

(eds.) Semeia 75; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1996.

 

Reading from this place: I. Social location and Biblical interpretation in the United

States.  Fernando F. Segovia and Mary Ann Tolbert (eds.) Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995.

 

Shaver, Kenny Reading the Bible through Third World eyes .  Abilene, Tex.: Abilene

Christian University Tape Service, 1990

 

*Voices from the margin: interpreting the Bible in the Third world. R.S. Sugirtharajah

(ed). Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1995.  (The 1991 edition has a few different essays of note).  BS476 .V65 1995 

 

West, Gerald O.  The academy of the poor: towards a dialogical reading of the Bible.

Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1999 

 

West, Gerald O.  “Finding a Place among the Posts for Post-Colonial Criticism in

Biblical Studies in South Africa,” Old Testament Essays (South Africa) 10 (1997), 322-42.

 

WOMEN’S FOCUS

*Biblical Glamour and Hollywood Glitz, Alice Bach (ed.) Semeia, 74; Atlanta: Scholars

Press, 1996.

 

A Feminist Companion to reading the Bible: approaches, methods and strategies,

Athalya Brenner and Carole Fontaine (eds.), Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

 

* Gruber, Mayer I. Women in the Biblical World: a study guide—Women in the world of

Hebrew Scripture.  ATLA Bibliography Series, No. 38.  ATLA & The Scarecrow Press: Lanham, MD & London, 1995. 

 [while the bibliography is “about biblical women” and not always indexed as from a womanist/feminist perspective or female authorship, a perusal of the listings may retrieve valuable items of interest.] REF Z7770 .G77 1995

 

*Inheriting our mothers' gardens feminist theology in Third World perspective edited by

Letty M.  Russell ... [et al.]. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1988. BT704 .I64

1988

 

Madipoane Masenya, “Rededfining Ourselves: A Bosadi (Womanhood) Approach,” Old

Testament Essays (South Africa) 10 (1997) 439-48.

 

*Mishael Maswari Caspi and Rachel S. Havrelock, Women on the Biblical Road:

Ruth, Naomi, and the Female Journey. Lanham, MD and London: University Press of America, 1996. BS1315.2 .C375 1996 

 

*Reading the Bible as Women: Perspectives from Africa, Asia, and Latin America,

Phyllis A. Bird, Katharine Doob Sakenfeld & Sharon H. Ringe (eds.)  Semeia, 78;

Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997.

 

Seifert, Elke Tochter und Vater im Alten Testament: Eine ideologiekritische

Untersuchung zur Verfügungsgewalt von Vätern über ihre Töchter. Neukirchenerer Verlag, 1997.

 

Tamez, Elsa “Reading the Bible from the eyes of the poor: for women, it's not enough

[fr With passion and compassion: Third World women doing theology],”  Other Side 24:24-25 Jl-Ag 1988

 

*Tamez, Elsa “Women's rereading of the Bible;” tr by A Partnoy.  With passion and

compassion: Third World women doing theology: reflections from the Women's Commission of the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians.; ed by V Fabella and M Oduyoye, Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, c1988,  173-180. BV639.W7 I58 1986 

 

*Tamez, Elsa  “The women who complicated the history of salvation [tr B Yeager;

repr],” New eyes for reading: biblical and theological reflections by women from the Third World; ed by J Pobee and B Wartenberg-Potter, Oak Park, IL: Meyer Stone Books, 1987, 5-17.BV639.W7 N49 1987 

 

*Women's sacred scriptures edited by Kwok Pui-Lan and Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza.

London: SCM Press ; Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, c1998. BT83.55 .W65 1998 

 

* Zannoni, A.E. The Old Testament: a bibliography, Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical

Press, 1992, especially, section 47, “Women/Feminist Hermeneutics,” 207-211. REF Z 7772 A1 Z36 1992.

 

 

 

LATIN AMERICA

 

*Pixley, George V.  and Boff, Clodovis. The Bible, the church, and the poor  ; translated

from the Spanish and Portuguese by Paul Burns.  Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, c1989. BV639.P6 P5413 1989

 

*Brown, Robert McAfee Unexpected news: reading the Bible with Third World eyes.

Philadelphia: Westminster Press, c1984 BS511.2 .B77 1984

 

*Cardenal, Ernesto. The Gospel in Solentiname; translated by Donald D. Walsh.

Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, c1976-c1982. BS2555.2 .C27713 1976 

 

*Cardenal, Ernesto. Psalms; [translated from the sixth edition of 1974 by Thomas Nolan

Blackburn ... et al.] New York: Crossroad, 1981 PQ7519.C34 S314 1981 

 

*Croatto, J. Severino. Biblical hermeneutics: toward a theory of reading as the

production of meaning; translated from the Spanish by Robert R. Barr.  Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, c1987. BS476 .C7613 1987

*________________. Exodus, a hermeneutics of freedom; translated from the Spanish by

Salvator Attanasio.  Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, c1981.BS680.F7 C7613

 

Discovering Latino Religion: a comprehensive Social Science bibliography, Anthony M.

Stevens-Arroyo with Segundo Pantoja (eds.). New York: Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies, 1995.  [the sections on Theological and Related Publications and Theses and Dissertations may be scanned for items specific to Old Testament studies.]  Ref Z7757 .U5 D57 1995

 

*Miranda, José Porfirio. Communism in the Bible; translated from the Spanish by Robert

R. Barr.  Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, c1982.  BS670 .M551 

 

*________________. Marx against the Marxists: the Christian humanism of Karl Marx;

translated from the Spanish by John Drury.  Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, c1980. HX536 .M5413 

 

*________________. Being and the Messiah: the message of St. John; translated by

John Eagleson  Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, c1977. BS2601 .M5413 

 

Tamez, Elsa. Bible of the oppressed /; translated from the Spanish by Matthew J.

O'Connell.   Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, c1982. BS670 .T2613 

 

*_________  “Dear brother Job - a letter from the dump,” Sojourners 12 No 8:23 S 1983

 

_________  , and Burns, Paul tr. ‘Job: "Even when I cry out "violence!" I am not

answered" [silences and cries in Job]’The return of the plague; ed by J Beozzo, and others, 55-62

 

*_________  and Lange-Churi¢n, Pedro tr.  “When the horizons close upon themselves: a

reflection on the utopian reason of Qohelet [bibliog]” Liberation theologies, postmodernity, and the Americas; ed by D Batstone, and others, 53-68. BT83.57 .L483 1997 

 

_________  , and Robert R. Barr,  tr. “When horizons close: a reflection on the utopian

ratio of Qoheleth,” The future of theology; ed by M Volf, and others,  207-220

 

*_________  , “Living Wisely in the Midst of Absurdity: Meditations from the Book of

Ecclesiastes”  Church and Society 86:28-42 Mr-Ap 1996.

 

*_________  “The Preacher & the New World Order: Ecclesiastes teaches survival in a

world of closed options.”  Other Side 31:22-28 S-O 1995

 

 

 

NATIVE AMERICAN

 

Bratton, Susan Power “Christian ecotheology and the Old Testament,” Religion and

environmental crisis, Eugene C Hargrove.  Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986.

 

Charleston, Steve “The Old Testament of Native America,”  Native and Christian:

indigenous voices on religious identity in the United States and Canada. James

Treat, ed. New York: Routledge, 1996.

 

Helfand, Jonathan “The earth is the Lord's,” Religion and environmental crisis, Eugene C

Hargrove.  Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986.

 

LeBar, Martin “A biblical perspective on nonhuman organisms,” Religion and

environmental crisis, Eugene C Hargrove. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986.

 

Reed, Gerard  “A native American environmental ethic,” Religion and environmental

crisis, Eugene C Hargrove.  Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986.

 

*Warrior, Robert Allen “Canaanities, cowboys, and Indians: deliverance, conquest, and

liberation theology today,” Christianity and Crisis 49(S 11 1989), 261-265

 

 

AFRICAN (& African American)

 

Abotchie Ntreh, Benjamin “Methodological challenges of Old Testament scholarship in

the African context.”  Newsletter on African Old Testament Scholarship no 5 (1998), 2-4

 

Adamo, David Tuesday. “Peace in the Old Testament and in the African heritage”.  Bible

in African Christianity, The Nairobi: Acton, 1997)p. 99-111 

 

Akao, J O “Word--A Potent Extension of Personality in the Old Testament and African

Belief System.”  Bangalore Theological Forum 25 (Je-S 1993), 49-63

             

Azuwo Onibere, S G “Old Testament sacrifice in African tradition: a case of

scapegoatism.”  "Wünschet Jerusalem Frieden" Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1988), 193-203

 

The Bible in African Christianity: essays in Biblical theology,  Nairobi: Acton, 1997.  

 

*Bright, Pamela ‘The Church and the "Mystery of Iniquity": Old Testament Prophecy in

Fourth Century African Exegesis.’  Consensus 23, no 1 (1997), 39-49  

 

Burrow Jr., Rufus “Some characteristics of biblical prophecy: [implications for African

American churches and race relations]” AME Zion Quarterly Review 105 (Ap 1993), 27-31  

             

Copher, C. B. “3,000 Years of Biblical Interpretation with Reference to Black Peoples,”

The Journal of the Interdenominational Theological Center 13(2, Spring 1986),  225-46.

 

*Deist, F. E. “The Bible in discussion: Three recent South African publications on

Scripture, Hervormde Teologiese Studies 47, 4 (1991), 930-949.

 [while our select bibliography bypasses most South African scholarship as covertly European in influence and traditional of topic, this piece promises to treat “Biblical hermeneutics and Black theology in South Africa.”  Otherwise, the South African Theological Bibliography series may be consulted for listings of indigenous OT studies. REF Z7757 .S6 S68]

 

*Felder, Cain Hope “Ancient Ethiopia and the Queen of Sheba.”  Troubling biblical

waters: race, class, and family. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1989 Pages 22-36.  

BS680.B48 F45 1989

 

*______________,  “Biblical meaning and the black religious experience.” Troubling

biblical waters: race, class, and family. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1989 Pages 5-21. BS680.B48 F45 1989

 

*_____________, Troubling biblical waters: race, class, and family. Maryknoll, NY:

Orbis Books, 1989, c1988.

BS680.B48 F45 1989

 

*Golka, Jonah Friedemann W. The Leopard's Spots: Biblical and African Wisdom in

Proverbs. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1993.

 

Holter, Knut “Symposium in Nairobi, October 1999”: [Africa and the Old Testament]

Newsletter on African Old Testament Scholarship no 7 (1999), 8-9 

 

_________. “Some recent studies on postcolonialism and biblical scholarship.” 

Newsletter on African Old Testament Scholarship no 5 (1998), 20-23 

 

Manus, Chris Ukachukwu “The concept of death and the after-life in the Old Testament

and Igbo traditional religion: some reflections for contemporary missiology.”  Mission Studies 3 No 2 (1986), 41-56  

 

Masenya, Madipoane “A Mosadi (Woman) Reading of Proverbs 31:10-31.”  Newsletter

on African Old Testament Scholarship no 6 (1999), 2-5 

 

Masumbuko, Renju “African traditional religions & Old Testament: continuity or

discontinuity?,”  Christianisme et identité africaine Kinshasa, Zaire: Missionwissenschaftliches Inst Missio-AachRn, 1980), 113-118   

 

Mngadi, C S “The significance of blood in Old Testament sacrifices and its relevance for

the church in Africa: [diss abst, Univ of South Africa, 1982].”  Theologia Evangelica 15 No 3 (D1982), 66    

 

*Musimbi Kanyoro, “Interpreting Old Testament polygamy through African eyes.”  The

Will to Arise, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1992), 87-100  BV639.W7 W53 1992 

 

Muutuki, Joseph Workshop in Stellenbosch, May 1999: [Old and New Testament

Studies in Africa: Learning from the past and planning for the future].  Newsletter on African Old Testament Scholarship no 7 (1999), 6-7 

 

Olson, Howard S “The place of traditional proverbs in pedagogy: [bibliog].”  Africa

Theological Journal 10 No 2 (1981), 26-35  

             

Oosthuizen, Rudolph De W. ‘What "African" means for South African Old Testament

scholarship: [bibliog]’.  Newsletter on African Old Testament Scholarship no 5

(1998), 12-19

 

“Proverbs,” Newsletter on African Old Testament Scholarship no 6  (1999), 1-15       

 

*Reyburn, William D “Message of the Old Testament and the African church.”  Practical

Anthropology 7  (Jl-Ag 1960), 152-156 

             

*______________. “Sickness, sin, and the curse: the Old Testament and the African

church [pt 2].”  Practical Anthropology 7 (S-O 1960), 217-222  

             

*‘"Reading With": An Exploration of the Interface between Critical and Ordinary

Readings of the Bible: African Overtures’  Semeia no 73 (1996), 1-284 

 

*Rice, G. “The Curse that Never Was (Genesis 9.18-27),” The Journal of Religious

Thought 29(1972), 3-17.

 

Significant connections, Africa in the Holy Land. Columbus, Ohio: distributed by

National Black Programming Consortium, 1995

 

Swanepoel, M. G. “An encounter between Old Testament theology and African concepts

of God,” Theologia Viatorum 18 (1990), 20-30.

 

*Tropical Africa and the Old Testament: a selected and annotated bibliography, Holter,

Knut, comp: Univ of Oslo, 1996.

 

Tutu, Desmond M “Some African insights and the Old Testament: [cultural parallels],”

Journal of Theology for Southern Africa 1 (D 1972), 16-22  

 

_______________. “Viability: Some African insights and the Old Testament,” Relevant

theology for Africa Durban, Natal: Lutheran Pub House, 1973), 34-39; 40-46

 

Ukpong, Justin S “Can African Old Testament scholarship escape the historical critical

approach.”  Newsletter on African Old Testament Scholarship no 7 (1999), 2-5 

 

Van Rooy, Jacobus Albertus “God's self-revelation in the Old Testament and African

concepts of God: [bibliog].”  In die Skriflig 28 (Je 1994), 261-274    

 

Wambutda, D N ‘"Hebrewisms of West Africa": an ongoing search in the correlations

between the Old Testament and African Weltanschauung.  Ogbomoso Journal of Theology 2 (D 1987), 33-41  

 

West, Gerald “Early Encounters with the Bible in Africa: Historical, methodological,

and hermeneutical analysis of the transactions between the Bible and indigenous African communities [description of a research project].”  Newsletter on African Old Testament Scholarship no 6 (1999), 16-18 

 

Yorke, Gosnell L O R “Translating the Old Testament in Africa: An Afrocentric

approach.”  Newsletter on African Old Testament Scholarship no 4 (1998), 10-13 

                 

Exodus 1-15: text and context - proceedings of the 29th annual congress of the Old            

Testament Soc of South Africa [1986], Pretoria: OTWSA/OTSSA, Univ of South Africa, 1987.

 

 

ASIAN

 

*Andrew, M E “Praise in Asia: an interpretation of Psalm 136,”  East Asia Journal of

Theology 3 No 1:107-111 1985

 

Articles of Asian Contextual Theology  II.: The Asian Context and Biblical hermeneutics,

Archie C. C. Lee,  (ed.), Chinese Christian Literature Council, Kowloon, Hong Kong: 1996.

 

*Chan, Kim-Kwong “You shall not eat these abominable things: an examination of

different interpretations on Deuteronomy 14:3-20 [bibliog]”   East Asia Journal of

Theology 3 No 1:88-106 1985

 

*Chiu, Andrew  “Who is Moses' father-in-law [sermon]”  East Asia Journal of Theology

4 No 1:62-67 Ap 1986

 

*“Commitment, Context and Text: Examples of Asian Hermeneutics,” R S Sugirtharajah,

ed.  Biblical Interpretation 2:251-376 N 1994

 

*Hyun, Younghak “Cripple's dance [Korea],” East Asia Journal of Theology 3 No 2:209-

212, 1985

 

Kim, Ee Kon,  A study of the rapid change of mood in the Lament Psalms: with a special

inquiry into the impetus for its expression. 1987 (dissertation: Union Theological Seminary, NYC, 1984)

 

*__________, “Who is Yahweh? Based on a contextual reading of Exodus 3:14”  Asia

Journal of Theology 3:108-117 Ap 1989

 

Kim. John Mansoo. A comparative study of the concept of T'ien [heaven] in the

philosophy of Mo-tze and the concept of God [Yahweh] in the Old Testament. 1986.

 

Kim, Yung Bok  “Minjung social biography and theology [stories of the powerless

people, Korea; 2 stories]”  Ching Feng 28 No 4:221-231 D 1985

 

*Koyama, Kosuke “The role of theology in Asia today” Indian Journal of Theology 17

suppl:1-22 1968

 

*Kwok, Pui-lan, Discovering the Bible in the non-biblical world. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis

Books, 1995. BS521.4 .K96 1995 

 

*Lee,  Archie C. C. “Doing theology in Chinese context: the David-Bathsheba story and

the parable of Nathan [bibliog]”  East Asia Journal of Theology 3 No 2:243-257

1985.

 

*Lee,  Peter K H. “Theology and myth: a reflection on the lady flying to the moon and

the archer shooting down nine suns [Chinese myth]”  East Asia Journal of Theology 3 No 2:228-242 1985

 

Lim, Guek-Eng Violet Lee. Cognitive processes and linguistic forms in Old Testament

Hebrew and Chinese cultures implications for translation. Thesis (Ph. D.)—Fuller Theological Seminary, 1986. 1986

 

*Lorgunpai,  Seree. “The Books of Ecclesiastes and Thai Buddhism”   Asia Journal of

Theology 8:155-162 Ap 1994

 

*Moon, Hee Suk “Origins of messianism in the Old Testament,” North East Asia Journal

of Theology no 11:1-15 S 1973

 

*Moon, Cyris Hee-Suk (Mun Hui-sok) A Korean minjung theology: an Old Testament

perspective . Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, c1985. BR1325.M56 M86 1985

 

*___________________, The saving acts of God: an exposition of the Book

of Exodus.  Seoul: Voice Co., 1973   BS1245.3 .M6 1973

 

*___________________, A history of the interpretation of the Old Testament in the

Korean church, 1900-1977.  Seoul: Christian Literature Society, 1978  

 

*___________________, “An Old Testament understanding of Minjung” Minjung

theology; ed. by Yong-Bok Kim, London: Zed Press ; Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1983, 119-135. BR1325 .M56 1983 

 

*___________________, “Culture in the Bible and the culture of the Minjung,”

Ecumenical Review 39:180-186 Ap 1987

  

Moon, Won W. Development of guiding principles for preparation of effective Bible

study materials for Korean Christians  133pp  [Dissertation: Project (D. Miss.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School], 1990.

 

Park, Joon Surh The 8th General, the North East Asia Association of Theological

Schools, October 4-6, 1990, Allen Hall, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Corp   North East Asia Association of Theological Schools. General Assembly.  (8th: 1990) Seoul, Korea.  Seoul, Korea: The Association,  1990

 

_____________ & Eto, Naozumi. Theology and theological education in Asia: today and

tomorrow: the 25th anniversary theological symposium of NEAATS, June 18-20, 1992, Kansai Seminar House, Kyoto, Japan.  Seoul: North East Asia Association of Theological Schools, 1992, especially:

[Ee Kon Kim “The identification of the Israelite God with El: a matrix for the indigenization of Christianity in the North East Asia”]

[Kenichi Kida  “Looking at the Old Testament from the position of the people: the case of the beginnings of Israel”]

 

*Pongudom, Maen. “Creation of man: theological reflections based on Northern Thai

folktales”  East Asia Journal of Theology 3 No 2:222-227 1985

 

*The postcolonial Bible edited by R.S. Sugirtharajah. Sheffield, Eng.: Sheffield

Academic Press, 1998    BS476 .P678 1998

 

Samson, Antonio S. Towards indigenization of religious forms: proceedings of the 1986

workshop Conference  Towards Indigenization of Religious Forms (1986: Ateneo de Manila University, Phillippines).   Manila, Philippines: Association of Christian Universities and Colleges in Asia, 1986

 

*Selvanayagam, Israel “Floating ark and shipwreck: contrary biblical models for multi-

faith context and Christian living” Asia Journal of Theology 5:338-345 O 1991

 

*Sugirtharajah, R. S. (Rasiah S.) Asian biblical hermeneutics and postcolonialism:

contesting the interpretations.  Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, c1998. BS476 .S84

1998

 

___________________, Reading the Bible in the global village: Helsinki /

            Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2000

 

*_________________, “A Brief Memorandum on Postcolonialism and Biblical Studies”

Journal for the Study of the New Testament no 73:3-5 Mr 1999

 

_________________, “Texts are Always with You: Christians and their Bibles”  Hindu-

Christian Studies Bulletin 9:8-13 1996.

 

_________________, “Orientalism, ethnonationalism and transnationalism: shifting

identities and biblical interpretation [bibliog]” Ethnicity and the Bible; ed by M Brett,  419-429

 

*_________________, “The Bible and Its Asian Readers [adapted fr paper presented at

SBL, Kansas City,” N 1991; replies P Perkins, pp 88-95, D Jobling, pp 96-110]  Biblical Interpretation 1:54-66 F 1993

 

Takahashi, Kenji. The idea of taboo in the early religions of Israel and Japan. Thesis

(A.M.)--University of Chicago, 1928 [!].

 

Um, Hyun Sup. A comparative study of 'people' in the Old Testament and the Minjung

concept among Korean theologians. Dissertation: Thesis (S.T.M.)--Concordia Seminary, 1991. 1991

 

*Wingeier, Douglas E. “ Tapping the rock: a model for ministry” Asia Journal of

Theology 3:558-563 O 1989

 

*Yeo, Khiok-Khng. What has Jerusalem to do with Beijing? Biblical Interpretation from a

Chinese Perspective.  Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1998.