REVIEW:
Barber, Cyril J., and Robert M. Krauss Jr. An Introduction to Theological
Research: A Guide for College and Seminary Students, 2d.ed. Lanham, Md.:
University Press of America, 2000. 172pp.
ISBN: 0-7618-1659-3. Reviewed by
Robert J. Mayer, Director of Library Services, Gordon-Conwell Theological
Seminary–Charlotte.
The authors have attempted to design a guide to theological research that
addresses the basics of bibliographic inquiry, introduces general and
specialized reference tools, and offers guidance for use of online and
electronic resources. The first edition of this work was authored solely by
Barber and published in 1982 by Moody Press. The second edition retains
essentially the same structure as the first. The first chapter focuses on
helping beginning students understand the basics of theological research.
General reference works are described in chapters two through four.
Specialized reference works for biblical studies (including biblical
languages) are detailed in chapters five through nine. Chapters 11 through 15
discuss indexes and abstracts, bibliographies, and unpublished materials.
Those familiar with the first edition will notice a number of changes.
Listings and descriptions of reference works have been updated. Sample pages
from indices, bibliographies, and abstracts have been omitted. Chapter ten has
been completely rewritten and now focuses almost exclusively on searching
strategies for electronic resources. Each chapter includes assignments
designed for use in courses relating to bibliographic instruction.
Barber and Krauss assume that good student
research begins with effective use of reference works. “Task number one is to
become familiar with a few proven reference works–e.g. Bible encyclopedias,
Bible dictionaries, etc.–that are designed by their arrangement and treatment
to be consulted for definite items of information” (5). Good reference works
help students “probe the parameters of a topic” (12) and make it possible for
them to later consult more specialized works. Consultation of reference works
also involves assessment of their authority, and the authors suggest several
standard questions that beginning students can use to assess whether or not a
particular resource is “worthy of the investment of one’s time” (13).
Barber and Krauss also value older reference works and encourage students to
be somewhat skeptical of recently published materials. “While appreciating the
contribution of modern research, we do not want to ignore the rich heritage of
the past . . . . [T]hough information in other disciplines may quickly become
dated, truth in theology and related fields of inquiry retains its value”
(13). That posture shapes their assessments of the literature they describe,
especially in chapters two through four, as well as their advice that students
“not assume that the latest information is, ipso facto, all that you will
need” (6).
In addition to their assumptions regarding research, readers quickly discover
that the evangelical theology of Barber and Krauss is reflected in their
critical comments about much of modern biblical scholarship. That perspective
is evidenced in their assessments of several recent works, including the
Anchor Bible Dictionary (20-21), Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels (22-23),
and the New Interpreter’s Bible (70). According to Kevin Vanhoozer, research
professor of systematic theology at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School (where
Barber served as head librarian earlier in his career), “Evangelical theology
is presently in something of an identity crisis. What does it mean to do
evangelical theology today? Are evangelicals modern or postmodern,
post-liberal or post-conservative? I see us wrestling with these and similar
questions. . . for several more years.” [1] Readers will find those tensions
evident in several places, such as in the authors’ observations regarding
Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels, a work published by the evangelical
InterVarsity Press.
Assessment
Some will be put off by the authors’ theological perspective and their use of
that perspective in assessing the value of the works they survey. In this
reviewer’s opinion, Barber and Krauss’s willingness to state their attitude
toward how theology should be done is refreshing and offers librarians and
instructors the opportunity to engage their students in discussion of how
theology is done within various traditions (including their own). Users of
this work will become aware of differences regarding theological method among
evangelical Christians (and among scholars from other theological traditions),
something that will hopefully help them explore larger questions about the
purpose and function of theology.
Librarians and students looking for guidance regarding online and electronic
resources will find themselves regularly reviewing chapter ten. Barber and
Krauss describe how to use the Library of Congress Subject Headings as a tool
for narrowing and refining the focus of a research topic. From there, they
discuss how to use online databases to locate books, dissertations, and
journal articles, as well as how to find theological resources on the
Internet. This reviewer found their concise introduction to Boolean searching
(105-106) especially helpful. The listing of World Wide Web resources on pages
109-111 offers an excellent starting point for Internet searching, although
with any published list there is always the question of how accurate the
Internet addresses will be after several months.
With any work like this, librarians will discover omissions that could have
strengthened the presentation. I was surprised that the authors did not
include the first edition of David Barrett’s World Christian Encyclopedia
(1982) in their description of key reference works regarding world missions
(53-55). The first edition of the Baker Encyclopedia of Psychology (1985) is
missing from the listing of reference works covering sociology and psychology
(58-60). (Second editions of both works were released at about the same time
this book was going to press.) On several occasions, the authors mention The
Minister’s Library, an earlier multi-volume work written by Barber, without
providing any descriptive information about that work. (Through a quick search
of amazon.com, I discovered that a software version was scheduled for release
on May 1, 2002.) Finally, I wish that Barber and Krauss would have listed
publisher information for titles still in print. Although they write primarily
for beginning theological students, adding publisher information could have
made their work even more valuable for working theological librarians and as
an introductory text for library students studying humanities reference.
Barber and Krauss offer a good working introduction to theological
bibliography and the basics of theological research. Beginning seminary and
divinity students needing an introduction to theological research will find
this book helpful. Those who teach courses in research and theological
bibliography will want to consider it for a textbook. Library students
studying humanities reference will find it a worthwhile tool. New theological
librarians wanting a survey of theological reference will see it as a
valuable resource. I plan to consult this work and recommend it for use in our
seminary community.